Subject: here are the answers to your questions (5)
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here are the answers to your questions http://backtolife1.best/65mbNUst1KG5jmSJaU8NF2uVIkHz7aBU8kYrh0z1Lwj8Yg http://backtolife1.best/I5-kLPaucNI21uKH9ks4ARx4fsZ1fmkHkkvB5T3rrgyFKog The Soviet launch of Sputnik on October 4, 1957 made clear to the Eisenhower administration that the high ground of Earth's orbit provided an attractive vantage for surveillance missions. Moreover, unlike the high-flying Lockheed U-2 spyplanes, they couldn't be shot down with systems then available. In 1958, Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) engineer Reid D Mayo considered adapting the Vanguard satellite (also an NRL project) for surveillance of Soviet anti-aircraft radars. After preliminary range calculations showed that such a probe could intercept radar signals from as high up at 600 miles (1000 kilometers), Mayo presented his idea to Howard Lorenzen, chief of NRL's countermeasures branch. Lorenzen pushed the proposal within the Department of Defense and the Intelligence Community, and full development of the project was approved by President Eisenhower on August 24, 1959. The satellites carried two sets of instruments: an unclassified experiment (called SOLRAD) and a then-classified payload to collect electronic intelligence (ELINT) (originally called Tattletale). The program is also known by the later codeword Canes. The GRAB program cover was developed after the public disclosure of Project TATTLETALE in the New York Times. TATTLETALE satellites were supposed to obtain radar ELINT information in the S-band using a crystal video receiver derived from the German World War II ATHOS system from a 500 nm circular orbit, and transpond them pulse-by-pulse to ground stations. The ELINT capabilities expanded from one RF band for the first two launch attempts to multiple bands from launch three on. The primary mission was to map the Soviet air defense radars. Operational history Of five attempted launches, two missions were successful. The first GRAB satellite was launched June 22, 1960 on the same rocket as Transit 2A, an early naval navigation satellite. GRAB 1 had the distinction of being the first successful U.S. intelligence satellite, returning ELINT intelligence data from July 5, 1960 until September 22, 1960, totaling 22 data collection passes of 40 min each over the Soviet Union, China and their allies. The SOLRAD experiment remained operational for ten months (though usable data was only obtained for five months) and it returned the first real-time X-ray and ultraviolet observations of the sun. During the second launch attempt, the Thor booster shut down 12 seconds early, and the flight was subsequently terminated by Range safety. As fragments fell on Cuba, subsequent launches from Cape Canaveral flew a dogleg trajectory to reach 70 degree inclination. The other successful GRAB mission, GRAB 2 was launched June 29, 1961, atop the same Thor-Able-Star launch vehicle as Injun, a geophysical science satellite from the University of Iowa, and Transit 4A. GRAB 2 began transmission of intelligence to the ground on July 15, 1962 and functioned in orbit for fourteen months. The amount of data received was so large that automated analytic tools had to be developed, tools that found application in subsequent surveillance programs. GRAB-2's SOLRAD experiment (SOLRAD 3) also contributed substantially to solar X-ray astronomy as well. Three more GRAB satellites were produced, the first two failing to make orbit in 1962. The last GRAB flight was cancelled.
Return-Path: <954-2664-190447-261-gwen+2D1956=[FILTERED]@mail.backtolife1.best> X-Original-To: gwen-1956@[FILTERED] Delivered-To: [FILTERED] Received: from ping.backtolife1.best (unknown [192.236.176.60]) by [FILTERED]-inbox (Postfix) with ESMTP id A0D1B5BB01 for <gwen-1956@[FILTERED]>; Wed, 25 Sep 2019 10:10:59 +0200 (CEST) DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha1; c=relaxed/relaxed; s=k1; d=backtolife1.best; h=Mime-Version:Content-Type:Date:From:Reply-To:Subject:To:Message-ID; [email protected]; bh=SDjH44hunbZkJt78/xCfmRFLqwo=; b=CfLqv7P8cnbSZBCvVM6IgecT+555b5NeglsVUzDKaLVdfhhJ7Jj6ci7LEpSvwXCvmS2dXMDFDkjW +CM/07EsW2iS8mwP5BSCGx+Uyph3haPXo4ZD239/Amn0VlBoQ/eoIONAQRuGnKjZnTT5kxj9SAnf 68o7773NsH6nOy3kzGY= DomainKey-Signature: a=rsa-sha1; c=nofws; q=dns; s=k1; d=backtolife1.best; b=fQbC3psUCVCy4G4iNECRZk8RO5xv2OpmkSrUIYBRCOGhdRCDV4sbsjOZZ4MaYVDlOVjyl8TQKT0g ZHiVSArcLxgKoJohcpP9/lvLaPRLONDTQHmaKsvf0uttR1Kr9lnYOxyarfhe0RLYYm995svDaEmo brn7MoImSOiXs8ewEAw=; Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="bacc14cff3e206815e8230463b8eb1de_a68_2e7ef" Date: Wed, 25 Sep 2019 04:10:58 -0400 From: "**Chris**" <[email protected]> Reply-To: "**Chris**" <[email protected]> Subject: here are the answers to your questions To: <gwen-1956@[FILTERED]> Message-ID: <[email protected]> --bacc14cff3e206815e8230463b8eb1de_a68_2e7ef Content-Type: text/plain; Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit here are the answers to your questions http://backtolife1.best/65mbNUst1KG5jmSJaU8NF2uVIkHz7aBU8kYrh0z1Lwj8Yg http://backtolife1.best/I5-kLPaucNI21uKH9ks4ARx4fsZ1fmkHkkvB5T3rrgyFKog The Soviet launch of Sputnik on October 4, 1957 made clear to the Eisenhower administration that the high ground of Earth's orbit provided an attractive vantage for surveillance missions. Moreover, unlike the high-flying Lockheed U-2 spyplanes, they couldn't be shot down with systems then available. In 1958, Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) engineer Reid D Mayo considered adapting the Vanguard satellite (also an NRL project) for surveillance of Soviet anti-aircraft radars. After preliminary range calculations showed that such a probe could intercept radar signals from as high up at 600 miles (1000 kilometers), Mayo presented his idea to Howard Lorenzen, chief of NRL's countermeasures branch. Lorenzen pushed the proposal within the Department of Defense and the Intelligence Community, and full development of the project was approved by President Eisenhower on August 24, 1959. The satellites carried two sets of instruments: an unclassified experiment (called SOLRAD) and a then-classified payload to collect electronic intelligence (ELINT) (originally called Tattletale). The program is also known by the later codeword Canes. The GRAB program cover was developed after the public disclosure of Project TATTLETALE in the New York Times. TATTLETALE satellites were supposed to obtain radar ELINT information in the S-band using a crystal video receiver derived from the German World War II ATHOS system from a 500 nm circular orbit, and transpond them pulse-by-pulse to ground stations. The ELINT capabilities expanded from one RF band for the first two launch attempts to multiple bands from launch three on. The primary mission was to map the Soviet air defense radars. Operational history Of five attempted launches, two missions were successful. The first GRAB satellite was launched June 22, 1960 on the same rocket as Transit 2A, an early naval navigation satellite. GRAB 1 had the distinction of being the first successful U.S. intelligence satellite, returning ELINT intelligence data from July 5, 1960 until September 22, 1960, totaling 22 data collection passes of 40 min each over the Soviet Union, China and their allies. The SOLRAD experiment remained operational for ten months (though usable data was only obtained for five months) and it returned the first real-time X-ray and ultraviolet observations of the sun. During the second launch attempt, the Thor booster shut down 12 seconds early, and the flight was subsequently terminated by Range safety. As fragments fell on Cuba, subsequent launches from Cape Canaveral flew a dogleg trajectory to reach 70 degree inclination. The other successful GRAB mission, GRAB 2 was launched June 29, 1961, atop the same Thor-Able-Star launch vehicle as Injun, a geophysical science satellite from the University of Iowa, and Transit 4A. GRAB 2 began transmission of intelligence to the ground on July 15, 1962 and functioned in orbit for fourteen months. The amount of data received was so large that automated analytic tools had to be developed, tools that found application in subsequent surveillance programs. GRAB-2's SOLRAD experiment (SOLRAD 3) also contributed substantially to solar X-ray astronomy as well. Three more GRAB satellites were produced, the first two failing to make orbit in 1962. The last GRAB flight was cancelled. --bacc14cff3e206815e8230463b8eb1de_a68_2e7ef Content-Type: text/html; Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <title>Chris</title> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1" /> </head> <body bgcolor="#FFFFFF" leftmargin="0" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0" topmargin="0"><a href="http://backtolife1.best/aRLy75TVpGJEej8-oj3D-bCoPa8q5c7jiriIBi1hZ5RLVg"><img src="http://backtolife1.best/b1d39e4be4946a9cc0.jpg" /><img height="1" src="http://www.backtolife1.best/qjB0bpoOOSq-I9YB4QnvIhBaXlHNMPd5DvcqV4Asa7ZTnQ" width="1" /></a> <table align="center" bgcolor="#000000" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="max-width:500px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, san-serif;" width="100%"> <tbody> <tr> <td valign="top"><a href="http://backtolife1.best/65mbNUst1KG5jmSJaU8NF2uVIkHz7aBU8kYrh0z1Lwj8Yg" style="border:none; text-decoration:none; color:#f1f1f1; display:block;" target="_blank"><img alt="Your Horoscope: so accurate that it will give you goosebumps!" src="http://backtolife1.best/fcc97044ca44a78d65.jpg" style="max-width:500px; display: block;" width="100%" /></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="http://backtolife1.best/65mbNUst1KG5jmSJaU8NF2uVIkHz7aBU8kYrh0z1Lwj8Yg" style="border:none; text-decoration:none; color:#f1f1f1; display:block;" target="_blank"><img alt="Select your SIGN of the Zodiac. 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I’ve chosen YOU to receive a reading! I’ll provide you with explanations of what’s happening to you right now ... and what’s about to happen very soon … and all FOR FREE!</p> <p style="color: yellow; text-align: center; font-weight: bold;"><a href="http://backtolife1.best/65mbNUst1KG5jmSJaU8NF2uVIkHz7aBU8kYrh0z1Lwj8Yg" style="border:none; text-decoration:none; color:#f1f1f1; display:block;" target="_blank">Hurry, accept my offer! Request your Free Reading today!</a></p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <span style="color:#FFFFFF;font-size:6px;">The Soviet launch of Sputnik on October 4, 1957 made clear to the Eisenhower administration that the high ground of Earth's orbit provided an attractive vantage for surveillance missions. Moreover, unlike the high-flying Lockheed U-2 spyplanes, they couldn't be shot down with systems then available. In 1958, Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) engineer Reid D Mayo considered adapting the Vanguard satellite (also an NRL project) for surveillance of Soviet anti-aircraft radars. After preliminary range calculations showed that such a probe could intercept radar signals from as high up at 600 miles (1000 kilometers), Mayo presented his idea to Howard Lorenzen, chief of NRL's countermeasures branch. Lorenzen pushed the proposal within the Department of Defense and the Intelligence Community, and full development of the project was approved by President Eisenhower on August 24, 1959. The satellites carried two sets of instruments: an unclassified experiment (called SOLRAD) and a then-classified payload to collect electronic intelligence (ELINT) (originally called Tattletale). The program is also known by the later codeword Canes. The GRAB program cover was developed after the public disclosure of Project TATTLETALE in the New York Times. TATTLETALE satellites were supposed to obtain radar ELINT information in the S-band using a crystal video receiver derived from the German World War II ATHOS system from a 500 nm circular orbit, and transpond them pulse-by-pulse to ground stations. The ELINT capabilities expanded from one RF band for the first two launch attempts to multiple bands from launch three on. The primary mission was to map the Soviet air defense radars. Operational history Of five attempted launches, two missions were successful. The first GRAB satellite was launched June 22, 1960 on the same rocket as Transit 2A, an early naval navigation satellite. GRAB 1 had the distinction of being the first successful U.S. intelligence satellite, returning ELINT intelligence data from July 5, 1960 until September 22, 1960, totaling 22 data collection passes of 40 min each over the Soviet Union, China and their allies. The SOLRAD experiment remained operational for ten months (though usable data was only obtained for five months) and it returned the first real-time X-ray and ultraviolet observations of the sun. During the second launch attempt, the Thor booster shut down 12 seconds early, and the flight was subsequently terminated by Range safety. As fragments fell on Cuba, subsequent launches from Cape Canaveral flew a dogleg trajectory to reach 70 degree inclination. The other successful GRAB mission, GRAB 2 was launched June 29, 1961, atop the same Thor-Able-Star launch vehicle as Injun, a geophysical science satellite from the University of Iowa, and Transit 4A. GRAB 2 began transmission of intelligence to the ground on July 15, 1962 and functioned in orbit for fourteen months. The amount of data received was so large that automated analytic tools had to be developed, tools that found application in subsequent surveillance programs. GRAB-2's SOLRAD experiment (SOLRAD 3) also contributed substantially to solar X-ray astronomy as well. Three more GRAB satellites were produced, the first two failing to make orbit in 1962. The last GRAB flight was cancelled.</span> <a href="http://backtolife1.best/ut_kGJ7tPL-eAKkWlHommfFG1B5CGyeW2J0ESFaVSiAnFw" target="_blank"><img src="http://backtolife1.best/e62eac5473f3b54c9f.jpg" /></a></body> </html> --bacc14cff3e206815e8230463b8eb1de_a68_2e7ef--